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Meningioma: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

Introduction: Meningioma is a type of brain tumor that develops in the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. These tumors are usually slow-growing and benign, but they can still cause serious health problems if they grow large enough to pressure the brain or spinal cord. Causes of Meningioma: The exact cause […]

Meniere’s Disease: A Complete Guide to Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

Introduction: Meniere’s disease is a chronic condition that affects the inner ear, causing episodes of vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss, and a feeling of fullness in the ear. It is named after the French physician Prosper Meniere, who described the condition in 1861. Meniere’s disease is relatively rare, affecting approximately 0.2% of the population. Symptoms of […]

Korsakoff’s Psychosis Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

Introduction: Korsakoff’s psychosis syndrome, also known as Korsakoff’s syndrome or Korsakoff’s disease, is a neurological disorder that results from a thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency. This deficiency is often caused by chronic alcohol abuse, although it can also be caused by other factors such as malnutrition, gastrointestinal disorders, or cancer. A range of cognitive and neurological […]

Low Back Pain: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Introduction: Low back pain is a prevalent condition affecting millions worldwide. It can range from mild discomfort to excruciating pain, leading to limitations in daily activities and reduced quality of life. Causes of Low Back Pain: • Muscle Strain: One of the most common causes, often due to poor posture, lifting heavy objects, or sudden […]

Ischemic Strokes: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

Introduction: Ischemic strokes are a type of stroke that occurs when there is a blockage, occlusion or obstruction in the blood vessels that supply blood to the brain. This blockage can be caused by a blood clot or plaque buildup in the arteries, leading to a lack of oxygen and nutrients to the brain cells. […]

Medulloblastoma: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

Introduction: Medulloblastoma is a type of brain tumor that primarily affects children. It starts in the lower back part of the brain called the cerebellum, which is responsible for coordinating movement and balance. Classification of Medulloblastoma: Medulloblastomas are classified as a type of embryonal tumor, meaning they arise from embryonic cells that didn’t develop normally. […]

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Introduction: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting children and adults. It is characterized by symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. ADHD is one of the most common mental health disorders among children and often persists into adulthood. Causes of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): The underlying cause of ADHD is not yet […]

Aphasias: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Introduction: Aphasias are a group of language disorders affecting a person’s communication ability. Causes of Aphasias: Aphasias are caused by damage to the brain’s language centers, which can occur due to various reasons, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, or degenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s. Aphasias can be classified into different types based on the affected […]

Anencephaly: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Introduction: Anencephaly is a rare and fatal congenital disability that affects brain and skull development. It is a neural tube defect that occurs when the neural tube, which is the structure that forms the brain and spinal cord, fails to close properly during the early stages of fetal development. This results in the absence of […]

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Introduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects the nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. It is a rare disease, with an estimated 5,000 new cases diagnosed annually in the United States. ALS is a devastating disease that gradually hinders individuals’ ability to […]

Alzheimer’s Disease: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

Introduction Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive and irreversible brain disorder affecting memory, thinking, and behavior. It is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for 60-80% of all cases. Alzheimer’s disease is named after Dr. Alois Alzheimer, who described the condition in 1906. Symptoms of Alzheimer Disease Symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease usually develop slowly and […]

Acute Disseminated Encephalitis (ADE) and Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)

Introduction: ADE and ADEM are brain disorders characterized by inflammation affecting the brain and spinal cord. Although they share similarities, they are distinct conditions with different manifestations. ADE refers to inflammation, specifically in the brain, while ADEM involves both the brain and the spinal cord. Causes of Acute Disseminated Encephalitis (ADE) and Encephalomyelitis (ADEM): The […]

Absence Seizures in Children: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Introduction: Absence seizures, also known as petit mal seizures, are generalized seizures that primarily affect children. They are characterized by brief episodes of staring or staring spells, during which the person is unresponsive and unaware of their surroundings. Absence seizures are caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain and can be diagnosed through medical […]